德日進 (Pierre Teilhard De Chardin,1881-1955)
人的现象 The Phenomenon Of Man
第二章 集體之外：超人格
一、人與奧米加點（Omega Point 最終點）的匯合
A.有人格(Personal)的宇宙
宇宙可以不喪失其廣袤性(immensity )，也可以不必冒與人同化(anthropomorphism)的危險而表顯自己的面貌。此後，為了思考這個宇宙，忍受它或使它有所動作，我們都應當超出自己的精神範圍去觀察，而不是倒過來。在精神圈(noogenesis)的透視里，時間和空間都真的人性化了—或應說是超人性化了。宇宙全體和位格絕不互相排斥，它們是提攜並進，同時達到巔峰。 這樣說來，從非位格的對象去尋求我們生命或精神圈的擴展真是錯了。未來宇宙無非是一個高層次的位格(Hyper-Personal)——在奧米加點(Omega Point)。
第三章 終局的大地(Ultimate Earth)
三、終局
人類如果能經常維持上述三個方嚮往前推進，並且好好利用未來還有的很長時間，那麼他們還有很可觀的光明前途。 生命成形到成為人之後便開始很快地受制於分工，而因為有了分工，生命便必須在每一步向前走時，先塑造自己以便行動，並且變成固定，然後再散開去。自從人類越過了反省的門檻之後，我們便開始轉入一個全新的演化階段——由於現在人可以用人工代替官能的工具，借著它，我們便能夠無限地增大及加強生命的活動，而且不至於破壞它原有的自由；同時又由于思想的偉大能力，便可以把一切人類的單位在一種意識的活動下集合在一起。說實在，借著學習過去，我們雖也多少對那些散漫的物質元素有所瞭解，但說到“精神圈的”效果有多大，我們仍然茫無所知。我們所遇到的是成百萬人類回聲的震悸—整個意識正對著未來和過去百萬年思想積累的成果施展壓力。我們是否曾試想要對這件偉大的事的各方面有所瞭解？
從這一個方向來看，最不能想像到的很可能正就是我們所應該期待的。由於在地表上心智表現的緊張程度越來越嚴重，我們自然會嚴肅地問：是不是有一天人類能夠打破了地球的束縛而侵入到另一個沒有人住的星球呢？或者（這是另一個更令人暈眩的事件）人類能否越過空間的深淵而與另一個意識焦點發生接觸呢？兩個精神圈的交會和相互的獲益乍視之下似乎是不合理性的假定，但這不過只是在心靈的現象中加入一種新的範圍而已，同樣的情形若發生在物質的現象里，就沒有人會大驚小怪。借著星際單位的綜合，終於使意識能夠把自己建立起來。這種事平常得很，宇宙難道不也是由無數的銀河(galaxy)單位所組成的麼？
我並不想叫作這樣的假定的人洩氣 —— 因這種事情如果實現的話，雖然宇宙會有很大規模的變動，但絕不損及精神發生的收斂形式(convergent form)以及它最後的持續—--但是我認為這種可能性太過渺小了，不值得我們操心。
人類的器官是十分複雜而敏感的，並且只十分適合於地表的狀況，因此我很難想像人如何適應得了在別的星球里生活；即使他有辦法在星空中遊行。星空浩瀚、廣漠，天際兩不相屬的地區，兩種思想的系統要想謀和共存，削足適履未免太過困難了吧！為了上述的兩個理由，我不得不認定人類精神圈只能在孤立中把自己蜷縮起來，它的出路是精神的而不是物理的，換句話說，它根本不用超越地球本身而向外謀求發展。而在這裡再度出現改變狀態的觀念。
精神的發生是由人類開始的，而且也在人身上繼續不斷地進行。我們已經指出了它活動的主要特點：思想微粒(grains)的密切結合；個人、國家或種族的綜合；另外，為了要把基本人格加以聯繫，而且不破壞它們，便需要在真誠同情的氣氛下有一個自立而最高的人格焦點。而且，再說一次：這一切都是按照複雜性及意識之規律，兩個弧(curvatures)交會的結果——這兩個弧，一個是地球的球狀，另一個是心智的宇宙性匯聚。
現在，既然已有足夠的元素充分地匯集在一起，那麼，這個在本質上是匯聚的運動，便會達到如此的強度，把人類全體都反映在一個單一點上，正如同以前個別力量依本能而躍人反省的門檻一樣。這是說，到了這個程度，人要把他的機體的、屬世(organo-planetary)的支持拋去，而轉向那日益集中的超越中心(transcendent centre)。這就是大地精神的終點和完成。
世界的終點：精神圈一旦達到了它複雜性與集中性(internal introversion)的極限之 後，整個人類向內轉入這一個精神圈便是了。
世界的終點：爭持不前(equilibrium)的狀態的推翻，心智成熟之後，與它物質的母體關係隔斷，而從此把它一切的重量倚靠到“上帝—-奧米加 (God-Omega)” 上面去。
世界的終點：浮顯與浸潤(emergence and emersion)同時到了轉折點，成熟與逸脫(maturation and escape)也同時 到了同一個轉折點。
關於地球達到成熟之後的物理及精神的狀態是如何的，我們可以提供兩個彼此矛盾的假設
。
第一個假設是應該被我們懸作努力的目標的，它認為地球到了最後會把一切的惡減少到最小的程度。科學將征服了疾病和飢餓，我們不再擔憂它們的騷擾。而且，由於大地與人類意識的作用，怨恨和競爭都要徹底消除，在奧米加( Omega)日益炎熱的光輝之下銷聲匿跡。整個精神圈要顯得圓通一致。最後的匯聚是在和平狀況下發生的。這一個結果自然是與我們的理論相應符合的。
但是有另一個可能。罪惡可能依循另外一個我們沒有提到的定律，與良善並行發展，終於在最後階段(paroxysm)發展出一個特別新的形式。
若無淵谷，便無峰岩。
人類內在統一的活動(cohesion)會釋放出巨大的能力：雖然它在將來仍然會被誤用，正如同過去、現在一樣。
我們喜歡看到的到底是異曲同工的合力(synergy)呢？或是水乳相通的合力呢？我們所看到的，究竟是人在自己身上集體地得到成全呢？或是依賴比自己更偉大的位格的力量呢？是接受奧米加或排斥它呢？或許一場掙扎是免不了的。如果是如此，則精神圈在達到統一點時，會在這種過程里分裂成兩個對立的地域，各有所主。在這以前，思想根本不曾徹底統一過。因此，宇宙廣泛的愛最後只能把生機給予精神圈的一部分 — 那一個決定“越過門檻”的部分 — 使它們分離出來而浸入愛的洗禮，犧牲自我，化入“別人”里去。這便是最後一次的分歧。
上述第二種假說與新約默示錄的觀念較為符合，我們可以從它得知在我們身邊同時有三條弧(curves)正在引導我們走向前程：地球的有機可能性在發生不可避免 減縮[的認識] 情形（inevitable education）；在對演化的看法逐日增大的對立理念下，意識也有其內在的分裂；在奔向眾心之心的人裡頭，眾心之心對他們有積極的吸引力。地球最後便是要在這三個弧的交會點上完成。它們三個都具有相同點，便是保持生命發展的路線，因此能同時一舉達到其最高點。
物質耗盡時星球便面臨死亡；精神圈便分裂，分裂成它要統一的形式；還有，有一部分的宇宙要被釋放出來，它們會超越一切的時間、空間和罪惡，以便到了終局時徹頭徹尾地把它自己綜合起來。
因此一種無限進步的見解是會與精神圈的匯聚性質衝突的，正確的說法應當是把它描繪為是一種超越現有可見世界的向度與架構所得來的歡愉(ecstasy)。
這種的歡愉可以說是來自譜和(concord)的，也可以是來自不諧和的(discord)；這兩者都沒有關係，其實它們都來自太強烈的內在的緊張狀況：這是人的現象所必然有或可想像得到唯一的生物的(biological)出路。
[summary by AI
The Omega Point is the ultimate destination of cosmic evolution where the universe achieves maximum complexity, consciousness, and divine unity, as theorized by the French Jesuit paleontologist and philosopher Pierre Teilhard de Chardin.
:
Core Concepts of the Theory:
Cosmic Evolution: :
Teilhard believed the universe constantly moves from simple matter toward higher levels of material complexity.
Rise of Consciousness:
As physical structures (like atoms, cells, and nervous systems) become more complex, consciousness naturally increases.
The Noosphere:
Human thought and collective intelligence form a mental layer enveloping the Earth, which continues to grow more connected and coherent.
The Final Attractor:
The Omega Point is the final goal (telos) drawing all creation toward itself. It represents a supreme, self-aware super-consciousness that Teilhard closely identified with the divine and the cosmic Christ.]
THE PHENOMENON OF MAN
CHAPTER TWO: BEYOND THE COLLECTIVE, THE HYPER-PERSONAL
1. The Convergence Of The Person And The Omega Point
A. The Personal Universe
The universe, without losing any of its immensity and thus without suffering any anthropomorphism, begins to take shape : since to think it, undergo it and make it act, it is beyond our souls that we must look, not the other way round. In the perspective of a noogenesis, time and space become truly humanised — or rather super-humanised. Far from being mutually exclusive, the Universal and Personal grow in the same direction and culminate simultaneously in each other. It is therefore a mistake to look for the extension of our being or of the noosphere in the Impersonal. The Future-Universal could not be anything else but the Hyper-Personal - at the Omega Point.
p.260
CHAPTER THREE: THE ULTIMATE EARTH
3. THE ULTIMATE
Always pushing forward in the three directions we have just indicated, and taking advantage of the immense duration it has still to live, mankind has enormous possibilities before it. Until the coming of man, life was quickly arrested and hemmed in by the specialisations into which it was forced to mould itself so as to act, and became fixed, then dispersed, at each forward bound. Since the threshold of reflection, we have entered into an entirely new field of evolution-thanks to the astonishing properties of 'artifice' which separate the instrument from the organ and enable one and the same creature to intensify and vary the modalities of its action indefinitely without losing anything of its freedom; and thanks to the prodigious power of thought to bring sogether and combine in a single conscious effort all the human particles. In fact, though the study of the past may give us some idea of the resources of organised matter
in its dispersed state, we have as yet no idea of the possible magnirude of 'noospheric' effects. We are confronted with human vibrations resounding by the mullion—a whole layer of consciousness exerting simultaneous pressure upon the future and the collected and hoarded produce of a million years of thought. Have we ever tried to form an idea of what such magnitudes represent ?
In this direction, the most unexpected is perhaps what we should most expect. Under the increasing tension of the mind on the surface of the globe, we may begin by asking seriously whether life will not perhaps one day succeed in ingeniously forcing the bars of its earthly prison, either by finding the means to invade other inhabited planets or by getting into psychical touch with other focal points of consciousness across the abysses of space. The meeting and mutual fecundation of two noospheres is a supposition which may seem at first sight crazy, but which after all is merely extending to psychical phenomena a scope no-one would think of denying to material phenomena. Consciousness would thus finally construct itself by a synthesis of planetary units. Why not, in a universe whose astral unit is the galaxy ?
Without in any way wishing to discourage such hypotheses — whose realisation, though enormously enlarging the dimensions, would leave unchanged both the convergent form and hence the final duration of noogenesis- I consider their probability too remote for them to be worth dwelling on.
The human organism is so extraordinarily complicated and sensitive, and so closely adapted to terrestrial conditions, that it is difficult to see how man could acclimatise himself to anorher planet, even if he were capable of navigating through interplanetary space. The sidereal durations are so immense that it is difficult to see how in two different regions of the heavens, two thought systems could co-exist and coincide at comparable stages of their development. For these two reasons among others I adopt the supposition that our noosphere is destined to close in upon itself in isolation, and that it is in a psychical rather than a spatial direction that it will find an outlet, without need to leave or overflow the earth. Hence, quite naturally, the notion of change of state recurs.
Noogenesis rises upwards in us and through us unceasingly. We have pointed to the principal characteristics of that movement: the closer association of the grains of thought; the synthesis of individuals and of nations or races; the need of an autonomous and supreme personal focus to bind elementary personalities together, without deforming them, in an atmosphere of active sympathy. And, once again: all this results from the combined action of two curvatures — the roundness of the earth and the cosmic convergence of mind — in conformity with the law of complexity and consciousness.
Now when sufficient elements have sufficiently agglomerated, this essentially convergent movement will attain such intensity and such quality that mankind, taken as a whole, will be obliged - as happened to the individual forces of instinct - to reflect upon itself at a single point; that is to say, in this case, to abandon its organo-planetary foothold so as to shift its centre on to the transcendent centre of its increasing concentration. This will be the end and the fulfilment of the spirit of the earth.
The end of the world: the wholesale internal introversion upon itself of the noosphere, which has simultaneously reached the untermost limit of its conplexity and its centrality.
The end of the world: the overthrow of equilibrium,detaching the mind, fulfilled at last, from its material matrix, so that it will henceforth rest with all its weight on God-Omega.
The end of the world: critical point simultaneously of emergence and emersion, of maturation and escape. We can entertain two almost contradictory suppositions about the physical and psychical state our planet will be in as it approaches maturation.!
According to the first hypothesis which expresses the hopes towards which we ought in any case to turn our efforts as to an ideal, evil on the earth at its final stage will be reduced to a minimum. Disease and hunger will be conquered by science and we will no longer need to fear them in any acute form. And, conquered by the sense of the earth and human sense, hatred and internecine struggles will have disappeared in the ever-warmer radiance of Omega. Some sort of unanimity will reign over the entire mass of the noosphere. The final convergence will take place in peace. Such an outcome would of course conform most harmoniously with our theory.
But there is another possibility. Obeying a law from which nothing in the past has ever been exempt, evil may go on growing alongside good, and it too may attain its paroxysm at the end in some specifically new form.
There are no summits without abysses.
Enormous powers will be liberated in mankind by the inner play of its cohesion: though it may be that this energy will still be employed discordantly tomorrow, as today and in the past.
Are we to foresee a mechanising synergy under brute force, or a synergy of sympathy? Are we to foresee man seeking to fulfil himself collectively upon himself, or personally on a greater than himself? Refusal or acceptance of Omega? A conflict may supervene. In that case the noosphere, in the course of and by virtue of the process which draws it together, will, when it has reached its point of unification, split into two zones each attracted to an opposite pole of adoration. Thought has never completely united upon itself here below. Universal love would only vivify and detach finally a fraction of the noosphere so as to consummate it - the part which decided to 'cross the threshold', to get outside itself into the other. Ramifications once again, for the last time.
In this second hypothesis, which is more in conformity with traditional apocalyptic thinking, we may perhaps discern three curves around us rising up at one and the same time into the future: an inevitable education in the organic possibilities of the earth, an internal schism of consciousness ever increasingly divided on two opposite ideals of evolution, and positive attraction of the centre of centres at the heart of those who turn towards it. And the earth would finish at the triple point at which, by a coincidence altogether in keeping with the ways of life, these three curves would meet and attain their maximum at the very same moment.
The death of the materially exhausted planet; the split of the noosphere, divided on the form to be given to its unity; and simultaneously (endowing the event with all its significance and with all its value) the liberation of that percentage of the universe which, across time, space and evil, will have succeeded in laboriously synthesising itself to the very end.
Not an indefinite progress, which is an hypothesis contradicted by the convergent nature of noogenesis, but an ecstasy transcending the dimensions and the framework of the visible universe.
Ecstasy in concord; or discord; but in either case by excess of interior tension: the only biological outcome proper to or conceivable for the phenomenon of man.
pp.286-289